Spatial+organization+in+the+city

==== A city is an urban settlement which is located in a geographical space, where different activities and urban variables are  involved. The main urban variables are the cultural , economic  , sociological and geographical ones  . ====

==== The city is very dynamic and it  is  constantly changing, so  it can be considered a living organism  , which we give life  . <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Because of <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">this <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> condition the city has no  <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> formula <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">that defines its spatial organization, since it  <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">is <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> not an object that can be calculated  <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">. ==== ==== <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> Each city is unique and different from the others ; this makes it a difficult concept to study, because there is no theory of the city. However, in order to study the spatial organization of the city, we have to use certain concepts that allow us to perceive how the city is structured. ====

** <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">What is the meaning of spatial organization of a city <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">? **
==== <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> It refers to certain concepts related to the settlement of urban areas and to the arrangement of public spaces. For this presentation we will present a series of concepts that allow us to understand how the city is organized spatially. First, we will start by moving away from the city to see it in its entire form and then we will approach a level of detail. ====

<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> The concepts that will be presented are following ones:

 * 1) ==== <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Movement within the city  <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">. ====
 * 2) ====<span class="hps" style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Land uses found in the city. ====
 * 3) ====<span class="hps" style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Grid. ====
 * 4) ====<span class="hps" style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Blocks. ====
 * 5) ====<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Plo <span class="hps" style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">ts. ====
 * 6) ====<span class="hps" style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Building. ====
 * 7) ====<span class="hps" style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Urban landmarks <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">. ====

====**<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">1. ** **<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Movement within ** **<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">the ** **<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">city ** **<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">. **==== ====<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in;"> It refers to the movement, which takes place within the city ; starting from an origin and ending at certain points of attraction. There are three types of spatial organization of cities according to their displacement. ====

====  · __<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">The monocentric model __ __<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">, __<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">which <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">refers to a city that has a single center  <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">. ====

====  · <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">__The polycentric model takes__ place in a city that contains several important centers  <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">. <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">This is considered the model of a metropolitan city <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">, <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">which has spanned several cities  <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">. Caracas could be considered a polycentric city. ====

==== · <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">And __the mono – polycentric model__  <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">, <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">which is the model of a city where there are several centers but one of them is superior to  <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> the <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">others  <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">. ====

==== **<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">2. ****<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> Land uses found in the city. ** ==== ====<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in;"> In the city we can find the following ones: ====

==== <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">• T__he residential us__e is represented by the area where the residences of the citizens are located. These residences may be multifamily buildings or single family houses. ====

<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in;"> •T__he heavy industrial use__ is the area where the heavy industries are located.
====<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in;"> •T__he light industrial use__ is the area where the light industries are, like storage buildings. ==== ==== <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> • __The educational use__ is the area where we can find education units, education institutes and universities. <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Includes private and public ones. ====

<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in;"> • __The__ __health care use__ is the area that provides medical assistance, both private and public ones.
==== <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">• __The recreational use__ is <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">the area where we can find all spaces used for recreation, from a public park to a private sports club. ====

====<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in;"> The city brings together all of these activities, but not all of them are compatible, and that is why the city should be organized according to the compatibility of its uses. ====

**<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Compatibility of uses. **
====<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in;"> The residential use is compatible with the following uses: ====

<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in;"> • Health care
====<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in;">• Recreational ==== ==== <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> The commercial use is compatible with all of the other uses. The recreational use, <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">the health care use and the educational use are not compatible with the industrial use. ==== ====<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.25in;"> In some cases, a certain use is so compatible with another one that mixed uses have been developed. For example: The commercial use with the multifamily residential use. The light industrial use with the commercial use. ====

==== **<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">3. ** ** <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Grid <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">. ** ====

<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> • __The rectangular grid __, which is an urban pattern, where blocks are more rectangular and not as square as in the traditional grid.
====<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> •__The__ __organic planned grid __ which is an urban pattern that adapts itself to the topography, in the case of Caracas, the urban patters adapt themselves to hills. ====

====<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> • __The organic unplanned grid __ is similar to the previous one (organic planned ) with the difference that this is not planned, such as, area of Petare. ====

==== **<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">4. ** **<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">The Block ** **<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">. ** ==== ====<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;"> It is an area surrounded by roads of pedestrian or vehicular traffic. The size and shape depend on the urban pattern, the topography and the type of buildings. Some types of blocks are: ====

<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;"> **5** **.** **Plots.**
====<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;"> It is a small area resulting from the legal division of land of a block. The plot´s size will depend on the use and density of the area. There are micro plots and macro ones. Macro plots are generally of industrial use. ====

**<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">6. ** **<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Building **
====<span class="hps" style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">It is the physical property that is positioned on a plot <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">. <span class="hps" style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">The size of the buildings will depend on the density of the city. <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> They could <span class="hps" style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">also be classified according to their position in the plot: ====

<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> The urban landmarks are the spaces that are important in a city . These spaces are usually seen as reference points.
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> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">@http://www.urbandesigncompendium.co.uk/public/documents/Chapter%203%20Creating%20the%20urban%20structure_1.pdf
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse;">**Creating the urban structure**